Fig 1: Systemic and mucosal cytokines production in COVID-19 patients.(a) total protein (µg) content in nasopharyngeal samples. (b) MUC5AC content in nasopharyngeal samples. (c) Heatmap representation of statistically different (P < 0.05) plasma cytokines between critical COVID-19 patients and mild to moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. (d) Plasma cytokine concentration plots by patient severity. (e) Heatmap representation of statistically different (P < 0.05) nasopharyngeal cytokines between critical COVID-19 patients and mild to moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. (f) Nasopharyngeal cytokine concentration plots by patient severity. (a-f) Cytokines were measured in the plasma of healthy controls (n = 12 donors), mild to moderate (n = 15 patients), severe (n = 11 patients) and critical (n = 23 patients) or in the nasopharyngeal compartment of healthy controls (n = 10 donors), mild to moderate (n = 10 patients), severe (n = 10 patients) and critical (n = 12 patients). In (c) and (e), P values were determined with the Mann-Whitney test. In (a), (b), (d) and (f), box plots with median ± minimum to maximum. P values were determined with the one-sided Kruskal-Wallis test followed by with Dunn’s post-test for multiple group comparisons with Geisser-Greenhouse correction. For all panels: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
Fig 2: Correlation between serum MUC5AC levels and ILD severity in patients with various autoimmune disease(s) (A) CTD-ILD. (B). pSS-ILD. (C). SSc-ILD. (D). DM/PM-ILD. Dot plot depicts the correlation between the level of MUC5AC and the severity of ILD in individual serum samples from patients with no ILD (interstitial lung abnormality (ILD score 0), uncertain ILD (ILD score 1), mild ILD (ILD score 2), or advanced ILD (ILD score 3) (measured by standard solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Each symbol represents an individual patient; horizontal lines show the mean. Categorical variables were tested by using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was determined using two-tailed tests and p<0.05.
Fig 3: Elevation of MUC5AC levels in CTD-ILDs (A). CTD-ILD, CTD-non ILD, and healthy controls. (B). pSS-ILD, pSS-non ILD, and healthy controls. (C). SSc-ILD, SSc-non ILD, and healthy controls. (D). DM/PM-ILD, DM/PM-non ILD, and healthy controls. Dot plots depict levels (measured by standard solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of MUC5AC in individual serum samples from patients without ILD (interstitial lung abnormality ILD score 0), patients with ILD (indeterminate ILD (ILD score 1), mild ILD (ILD score 2), and advanced ILD (ILD score 3)) and healthy controls, Each symbol represents an individual patient; horizontal lines show the mean. p values were determined by Mann-Whitney U test.
Supplier Page from Novus Biologicals, a Bio-Techne Brand for Human MUC5AC ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)